fiogf49gjkf0d Mo.town (mo'toun') adj [a trademark for phonograph records, etc. Mo(tor) Town, nickname for Detroit, Mich] designating or of style of rhythm and blues characterized by a strong, even beat.
- Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language
The legend that is Tamla Motown started in 1959 when Ford worker and part-time songwriter
Berry Gordy Jr
borrowed $800 to set up a studio. From his first hit onward - the prophetic
Money (That's What I Want)
- he set out to create a crossover style, targeting his records at white and black consumers alike.
Early Motown hits were pure
formula
. Gordy softened the blue notes of most contemporary black music in favor of a more danceable, poppy beat, with
gospel
-influenced singing and clapping. Prime examples of the early approach featured all-female groups like the
Marvelettes
(
Needle in a Haystack
), the
Supremes
(
Baby Love
) and
Martha Reeves and the Vandellas
(
Nowhere to Run
), as well as the all-male
Miracles
(
Tracks of My Tears
), featuring the sophisticated love lyrics of lead singer
Smokey Robinson
. Gordy's "Quality Control Department" scrutinized every beat, playing all recordings through speakers modeled on cheap transistor radios before the final mix.
The Motown organization was an intense, close-knit community:
Marvin Gaye
married Gordy's sister. "Little"
Stevie Wonder
was the baby of the family. It did, however, move with the times, utilizing such innovations as the wah-wah pedal and synthesizer. By the late 1960s its output had acquired a harder sound, crowned by the acid soul productions of Norman Whitfield with the versatile
Temptations
. In 1968 the organization outgrew its premises on Grand Avenue; four years later it abandoned Detroit altogether for LA, to be closer to Hollywood. Befitting the MOR tastes of the 1970s, the top sellers now were the high-society soul of
Diana Ross
and the ballads of the
Commodores
. White artists began to appear on the label: Tom Jones is said to have turned down a contract, though R. Dean Taylor (
Indiana Wants Me
) and the less successful Kiki Dee accepted.
The 1970s saw many top artists, dissatisfied with Gordy's constant intervention, leave the label. The crack songwriting team of Holland-Dozier-Holland, responsible for most of the
Four Tops
' hits, stayed in Detroit to produce the seminal
Chairmen of the Board
(
Gimme Just A Little More Time
), along with
Aretha Franklin
and
Jackie Wilson
.
Today Motown is owned by the giant
PolyGram
corporation. Artists on the label include Boyz II Men, Queen Latifah and, to this day, Stevie Wonder.
Other useful information
for tourists (each section contains more specific sub-sections):
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