If you're spending much time out of doors, be aware that the weather and distance might cause difficulties if you need medical attention in a hurry, and it's wise to carry a first-aid kit . Two important items to include are a roll of elasticated sticking plaster (band aids) and crepe bandages - both vital for supporting and splinting sprained muscles or broken bones.

Most problems you'll encounter, however, are minor. Though you might not think the northern sun would be much trouble, it's still strong enough to cause sunburn and eyestrain - especially when reflected off ice or snow - so use sunscreen and sun glasses . Some sort of hand cream or moisturiser and lip balm are a good idea too, as the cold dry air, wind and dust can painfully crack exposed skin. Eye drops will also relieve irritation caused by dust. Flies are not the problem in Iceland that they can be in Scandanavia; MA?vatn is the only place you'll encounter them in plague proportions, though very few bite.

About the most serious thing to worry about is hypothermia , wherein your core body temperature drops to a point that can be fatal. In Iceland, it's obviously most likely to occur if you get exhausted, wet and cold whilst out hiking or cycling; symptoms include a weak pulse, disorientation, numbness, slurred speech and exhaustion. If you suspect someone is suffering from hypothermia, seek shelter from the wind, rain, and snow, get the patient as dry as possible, and prevent further heat loss - aside from clothing, a foil "space blanket" available from camping stores will help. Sugary drinks can also help (alcohol definitely doesn't), but serious cases need immediate hospital treatment. The best advice is to do your best to avoid hypothermia in the first place: while hiking, ensure you eat enough carbohydrates, drink plenty of water and wear sufficient warm and weatherproof clothing, including, if necessary, a hat - most body heat is lost through the head - and gloves. During the colder parts of the year, motorists should always carry a blanket and warm gear too, in case they get stranded by snow.